Search results for "Opioid peptide"
showing 10 items of 22 documents
Changes in the Peripheral Endocannabinoid System as a Risk Factor for the Development of Eating Disorders
2017
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Eating Disorder (ED) is characterized by persistently and severely disturbed eating behaviours. They arise from a combination of long-standing behavioural, emotional, psychological, interpersonal, and social factors and result in insufficient nutrient ingestion and/or adsorption. The three main EDs are: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. We review the role of peripheral endocannabinoids in eating behaviour. DISCUSSION The neuronal pathways involved in feeding behaviours are closely related to catecholaminergic, serotoninergic and peptidergic systems. Accordingly, feeding is promoted by serotonin, dopamine, and prostaglandin and inhibited b…
Low morphine doses in opioid-naive cancer patients with pain
2006
Cancer pain can be managed in most patients through the use of the analgesic ladder proposed by the World Health Organization. Recent studies have proposed to skip the second "rung" of the ladder by using a so-called "strong" opioid for moderate pain. However, usual doses of strong opioids commonly prescribed for the third rung of the analgesic ladder may pose several problems in terms of tolerability in opioid-naive patients. The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of very low doses of morphine in advanced cancer patients no longer responsive to nonopioid analgesics. A sample of 110 consecutive opioid-naive patients with moderate-to-severe pain were …
Frequency, indications, outcomes, and predictive factors of opioid switching in an acute palliative care unit.
2007
The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the frequency, indications, outcomes, and predictive factors associated with opioid switching, using a protocol that had been clinically applied and viewed as effective for many years. A prospective study was carried out on a cohort of consecutive cancer patients who were receiving opioids but had an unacceptable balance between analgesia and adverse effects, despite symptomatic treatment of side effects. The initial conversion ratio between opioids and routes was as follows (mg/day): oral morphine 100=intravenous morphine 33=transdermal fentanyl 1=intravenous fentanyl 1=oral methadone 20=intravenous methadone 16=oral oxycodone 70=transder…
Naloxone increases the response of growth hormone and prolactin to stimuli in obese humans.
1987
Opiates stimulate the growth hormone and prolactin responses to stimuli in non-obese humans. Obese patients, however, show lowered growth hormone and prolactin responses and raised beta-endorphin levels. We therefore investigated the effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone on the stimulated growth hormone and prolactin secretions in a controlled double-blind study in obese patients. All patients received 200 micrograms TRH and 0.5 g/kg b.w. arginine together with 2 mg of naloxone or placebo i.v. in a randomized sequence. The TRH- and arginine-induced increases in prolactin and growth hormone were significantly greater after administration of naloxone (p less than 0.05). Naloxone also produ…
Regional distribution of opioidergic nerves in human and canine prostates
1989
The regional distribution of opioidergic nerves in the juvenile and adult human prostate and in the adult canine prostate has been studied immunohistochemically using well-characterized polyclonal antisera against multiple opioid peptides. Nerves displaying immunoreactivity (ir) for the proenkephalin (PRO-ENK) derivatives met-enkephalin (ME), leuenkephalin (LE), octapeptide, and heptapeptide (ordered in decreasing frequency) were present in the dorsolateral stroma of human prostate. In canine prostate, the situation was similar, but the number of opioid-ir nerve fibers was lower than in human prostate. In both species, staining for the prodynorphin (PRO-DYN) derivatives dynorphin A and alph…
Endogenous opioid peptide responses to opioid and anti-inflammatory medications following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.
2009
To determine the effects of Vicoprofen, Ibuprofen, and a placebo on the responses of endogenous opioid peptides following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage 36 healthy men (age: 22.8 years; height: 178.8+/-6.2cm; body mass: 78.9+/-13.7kg; body fat: 15.8+/-6.5%) volunteered to participate in the study. Each participant was evaluated for pain 24h post and randomly assigned to an experimental group: VIC (Vicoprofen), IBU (Ibuprofen), or P (placebo). Medication was given four times daily (i.e., VIC (hydrocodone bitartrate 7.5mg with Ibuprofen 200mg) and IBU 200mg). Blood was obtained at rest and at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120h following the eccentric exercise damage protocol. No significant…
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid receptor (NOP) selective ligand MCOPPB links anxiolytic and senolytic effects
2021
Accumulation of senescent cells may drive age-associated alterations and pathologies. Senolytics are promising therapeutics that can preferentially eliminate senescent cells. Here, we performed a high-throughput automatized screening (HTS) of the commercial LOPAC®Pfizer library on aphidicolin-induced senescent human fibroblasts, to identify novel senolytics. We discovered the nociceptin receptor FQ opioid receptor (NOP) selective ligand 1-[1-(1-methylcyclooctyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-[(3R)-3-piperidinyl]-1H-benzimidazole (MCOPPB, a compound previously studied as potential anxiolytic) as the best scoring hit. The ability of MCOPPB to eliminate senescent cells in in vitro models was further tested…
Binding of [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5] Enkephalin, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]Enkephalin, and [3H]U-69,593 to Airway and Pulmonary Tissues of Normal and S…
1997
Abstract Bhargava, H. N., V. M. Villar, J. Cortijo and E. J. Morcillo. Binding of [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [3H]U-69,593 to airway and pulmonary tissues of normal and sensitized rats. Peptides 18(10) 1603–1608, 1997.—The role of endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of bronchomotor tone, as well as in the pathophysiology of asthma is uncertain. We have studied the binding of highly selective [3H]labeled ligands of μ-([D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin; DAMGO), δ ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin; DPDPE), and κ-(U-69,593) opioid receptors to membranes of trachea, main bronchus, lung parenchyma and pulmonary artery obtained from normal (uns…
Immunohistochemical expression and distribution of orexin, orphanin and leptin in the major salivary glands of some mammals
2012
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the involvement of apoptotic factors, cytokeratins and metalloproteinase- 9 in the histogenesis of both Epithelialized Gingival Lesions (EGL) and Periapical Lesions (PAL). 55 consecutive patients, 30 with PAL and 25 with EGL, were selected for the study after clinical and radiological examinations. The PAL patients had severe periapical lesions and tooth decay with exposure of the pulp chamber. All PAL and EGL biopsies were surgically extracted, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed for routine light microscopy. Ten biopsies of each category were processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Serial paraffin sections were stained by IHC with a…
Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of peptides derived from proenkephalin, prodynorphin and proopiomelanocortin in the guinea pig pineal g…
1988
By using a plethora of region-specific antisera, this light microscopic immunohistochemical study revealed that derivatives from the three opioid precursors, i.e. proenkephalin, prodynorphin and proopiomelanocortin are differentially distributed in the pineal gland of guinea pig. Various molecular forms of immunoreactive opioid peptides derived from proenkephalin or prodynorphin were present in a minority of pinealocytes as well as in nerves. In contrast to this dual distribution pattern of opioid-active peptides, the opioid-inactive derivative from proopiomelanocortin, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, was exclusively present in a large proportion of pinealocytes. A multiple and differ…